3.1 DBMS History

Scene 1

1st generation 1950-1965:

With the introduction of electronic computing and storage capabilities, the first and natural database system was the File management system which is discussed in Section 3.2.

2nd Generation 1965-1970:

The Integrated Data Store (IDS) was the first general purpose DBMS was designed by Charles Bachman in the early 1960s.

The main characteristic of IDS is that it was a Navigational DBMS where data items are found by following references from other data items.

In the late 1960s, IBM developed the Information Management System (IMS) DBMS.

IMS represented data in a hierarchical data model.

Based on IMS, the SABRE system was developed by American Airlines and IBM for airline reservations.

3.1 DBMS History

3rd Generation, 1970 - 1990:

	In the 1970s, Edgar Codd proposed the relational data model (which will be discussed in later lectures) as a data representation framework in DBMSs.
	Since then, relational data representation has been the most widely used in DBMSs.
	In the 1980s, the SQL query language for relational databases was developed.
	The current standards of SQL were adopted by ANSI and ISO.
	Examples of Relational DBMSs: DB2, Oracle, Sybase and Microsoft Access.

Object-oriented DBMS, 1990 - 1999:

	With the evolution of object-oriented languages such as C++ and Java, the object-oriented paradigm was introduced to DBMSs with the emergence of OODBMSs.
	However, the simplicity and robustness of Relational DBMS has hindered the wide spread adaptation of OODBMS.
	Examples of OODBMSs: O2 (went bankrupt in 1999), ObjectStore and Objectivity.

3.1 DBMS History

O/RDBMS from 1995:

	Pure object-oriented databases did not have the expected success.
	Other solutions emerged to extend Relational DBMS with OO capabilities.
	The object notion was integrated into relational databases.

Relational DBMS and XML:

	The latest big development in database systems is the use of the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to represent a database and its content.
	XML databases are independent of any DBMS platform or operating system and thus can be exchanges across different environments.