2.2 Consonants

2.2.1 Presentation
A consonant is a sound formed by stopping the air flowing through the mouth. It is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are [p], pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of the tongue; [k], pronounced with the back of the tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f] and [s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel; and [m] and [n], which have air flowing through the nose. Contrasting with consonants are vowels.

A consonant letters are all the non-vowel letters, such as (p), (f), (k), (m), and (j). A consonant sound is s speech sound produced by a partial or complete obstruction of the air stream by any of various constrictions of the speech organs. The pronunciation of consonants in bahasa Melayu is the same as in English.

      b : like 'b' in "bed"
      c : like 'ch' in "China"
      d : like 'd' in "dog"
      f : like 'ph' in "phone"
      g : like 'g' in "go"
      h : like 'h' in "help"
      j : like 'j' in "jug"; in older romanizations also the vowel i
      k : like 'c' in "cat", often silent at the end of a word
      kh : like 'ch' in "loch"

2.2 Consonants

      l : like 'l' in "love"
      m : like 'm' in "mother"
      n : like 'n' in "nice"
      p : like 'p' in "pig"
      q : like 'q' in "quest" (with "u", almost always, only in Arabic borrowings)
      r : like 'rh' in "rheumatism"
      s : like 'ss' in "hiss"
      sy : like 'sh' in "sheep"
      t : like 't' in "top"
      v : like 'ph' in "phone"
      w : like 'w' in "weight"
      x : like 'cks' in "kicks"
      y : like 'y' in "yes"
      z : like 's' in "hiss", like 'z' in "haze", like 'dg' in "edge"

2.2 Consonants

Consonants need vowels to produce a language sound:

Examples:
      1. aku (me) – aa-ku. The consonant is k.
      2. ada (have) – aa-da. The consonant is d.
      3. buku ( book ) – boo-ku. The consonant is b and k.
      4. kami ( we ) – car-mee. The consonant is k and m.
      5. dari ( from ) – dare-ree. The consonant is d and r.
      6. suka ( like ) – soo-car. The consonant is s and k.