1.1 Definition, existence and the evolvement of the scientific research methodology
Research methodology relates with an old subject in the books of philosophy concerning the relationship between science and Greek philosophy.
Many researchers refer the emergence Research methodology to Roger Bacon, Francis Bacon, and John Stuart Mill. They attribute the first beginnings to the first scholar, and the details of thinking to the second scholar and completing the method by the third scholar.
The fact that the research methodology has its roots in Islamic civilization. The Islamic thinkers are the ones who planned it, and put its bases. But when we refer to the earlier civilizations before Islam, we find some signals.
In the Indian civilization and the ancient Chinese we find the seeds to one method, a logical approach, which "Confucius." wrote about it. Then three of the Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, came into being and thanks to them for the development of Research methodology, where they classify and identify the appropriate methodology for each science. In general, the Greek civilization is established on the basis of the mental logical method Selected by Aristotle. Although Aristotle had referred to the experimental method through his speaking about complete and incomplete induction but he did not care with the real experiences, and he did not elaborate the experimental method and determines its steps, this is due to the Islamic thinkers.
1.1 Definition, existence and the evolvement of the scientific research methodology
The Islamic scholars oppose to the logic of Aristotle and criticize his method. They detected many of its disadvantages. Therefore, they put their private research methodology appropriate to their civilization, which is called the experimental method. Realistic is AL-Kanidi philosopher of the Arabs first is the first to put the brick boy building science research methods in the Islamic world, pointed out that each theme has its own science and research methodology fits the subject and warned not to be confused with research methods in science. And then came after him, Farabi puts classification of science in his book, "Statistical Science".
The word "Method" taken from the Greek origin a "Methodos" that consists of two parts: "Meta" and Hodos, which indicates, from the derivative side, the commitment with the way, the Greek word was used about Plateau and Aristotle means studying, searching or the knowledge. Then that word took a definite concept in the methodology, meaning a group of rules and the general laws that control the mind, and determines its operations until reaching a result in a subject. Or in other words, it defines to the scientists the way that they should follow in their studies, and draw to them the mental steps that they should follow to reach the scientific fact in any subject.
The first obvious attempt with the beginning of the Renaissance in 16th Century, when Ramos (1515-1572) tried to divide the logic into four parts: the imagination, the judgment, the demonstration and the method, and he didn't reach an accurate method to the sciences, and didn't care enough for the observation and the experiment, but at anyway he had the favor to pay attention to the method and its importance.
1.1 Definition, existence and the evolvement of the scientific research methodology
Bacon is the pioneer of the English philosophy, and he is considered for the scientists, the father of the modern logic, Bacon put the rules of the experimental method that based on the induction basis, on the contrary to Aristotle's method which depends on the measurement basis.
Bacon could shake the pillars of the Aristotle's logic, and he declares the revolution against it on the basis of the call for the going to the nature, to observe it and making experiments on the nature. Galileo appeared at the same time of Bacon (1564-1642), who had also a greet effect on the removal of confidence in Aristotle's logic. Descartes (1569-1650) followed the same way of Bacon and Galileo.
On this way the 17th Century witnessed an intellectual revolution against Aristotle's logic that discovered the modern logic research methodology; this revolution resulted in the appearance of three main methods: the inductive method, the deductive method and the restoration method.
The method is a way in which the scholar has used in his research or study the problem, and reach solutions or some results .According to the importance of the method used in the study, a new science has appeared called Research methodology It is a logical and organized method we follow in our quest to get the facts.
Research methodology may be specific or general or what the researcher used in his research only, as well as identifying the steps and procedures that are used in a search.
1.1 Definition, existence and the evolvement of the scientific research methodology
