1.2 Systems of Education

From the previous presentation to the ancient civilizations that affected our modern system of education, four types of education have appeared and still exist and work till this moment regardless the place or the community.

These four educational systems, according to their historical existence are;

Informal education; it is the educational system in which the individual acquires some knowledge, skills or directions, randomly without intention and by chance, through his daily life events that he passes by and during dealing with other individuals. It occurs every time the individual watches T.V or listens to a radio or other people talking or dealing with each others in the environment surrounds him (family, street, club...etc). This idiom, as educational, is connected to other educational idioms such as the non-intended education and the shapeless education. Non-formal Education; this type of systems has got many forms according to its role, shape, form and objectives. Although it is a negative idiom but it is used to name an active activity. Some scientists call it "The non-school education" or "The activities out schools" others call it "It is every organized activity that runs out the traditional educational system and it aims at supplying some sorts of instruction to a specified group of people regardless the age of the learner" some examples of this system are free studies, language courses, computer training, etc... .This system differs from the informal education in it is an intended system where the teacher aims at teaching a specified lesson to specified students. Also, it is an enhancement of the former system.

1.2 Systems of Education

     3. Formal Education; this system demands, basically, a stated establishment such as; school,
         university or institute. It is controlled and supervised by the government (governmental system).
         The attendance to these establishments is obligatory and there are some conditions that control the
         shifting from an educational row to another or from a stage to another. It demands certificates. Every
         educational establishment includes a group of students in, nearly, the same age who receive a
         unified curriculum from teachers who are prepared to this purpose. A formal certificate is given to
         every succeeded student.

This system of education consists of three main stages.

	Primary education:
	This stage differs from a country to another. Some countries make it of two stages;

1-	Elementary; where the pupil attends the school starting from his fifth or sixth year. It takes six
	years of studying.
2-	Intermediate; it is after completing the elementary where it takes three years of studying.

1.2 Systems of Education

Other countries make it one stage by integration the elementary into the intermediate for eight or nine years of studying.

This education is obligatory or at least the elementary, in most of the countries where pupils learn principals of many science such as languages, arithmetic, science, religion.. etc...

	Secondary education (high school)
	This stage is after the primary and is for preparing the pupils to the next stage "the higher education"
	in the university. The pupils study the subjects in the previous stage in a further way. After completing
	this stage, the student takes a certificate called "Diplom" that enables him to attend the higher
	education. Some countries call this stage "high school".
	Higher education
	After completing the second or high school. Student can attend the university where he should pass
	some grades to gain the certification that may be license or bachelor. After this certificate, student
	can continue his studies to get the Diploma then the master degree then finally the degree of doctor.

1.2 Systems of Education

3- The alternative Education

It is a system that is created, according to the need, in some communities as a result of the following:

	Weakness of scientific and skill levels of the students of the formal education whose levels are not
	sufficient to meet the needs of the community.
	Losing the function of education as a method for improving and achieving the progress of the community.
	After completing the second or high school. Student can attend the university where he should pass
	The existed curriculum, in the formal education system, focuses on the quantity rather than the quality
	in a manner that makes it useless.

So, we can find this system be applied by the higher class people in the community who reject the formal education and attend it in order to form an individual who can be able to work and produce by supplying him with the know ledge and skills that enable him to attend special jobs and functions of high salaries. The slogan of this system is "learn to work and work to learn". Which means that he learns then gives what he learned a practical and applying cadre. This system aims at achieving three targets which are;

1.2 Systems of Education

   1- The high level community
   2- The strong economy
   3- The stable policy

This system achieves its curriculum through mixing the scientific knowledge and the skills by focusing on improving the scientific and mathematical thinking, the languages and computer sciences and the other skills that are named "Improving the human resources" it has got three stages;

1-	Fundamental (Basic) stage
	It is of four years in which the pupil is supplied with the basic skills such as reading, writing, arithmetic
	and some arts like drawing singing and the religious principals.
2-	Directing stage
	It is of five or six years in which the pupil is supplied with the moral behaviors, the religious principals,
	in more detailed, and advanced topics (scientific, art and skills).
3-	Specialized stage
	Till the completing of the secondary stage in which the student is trained to be good at scientific research.

Its methods of teaching depend upon the practical, application and pilot sides and they are based upon the active learning.