Introduction

Learning the history of education is the best method to understand the current educational theories clearly and deeply.

The learning of this history is learning the history as a whole from all its sides. The educational system, for any country or civilization, is the evidence and the measurement of the civilized level that it reached. Moreover, for any country which wants to achieve a progress among the other countries or achieved it, in history, a strong system of education is the main method that must be established to do so.

When we learn the history of education, we learn, at the sometime, the history of civilization that man has built and the accumulative experiences that the man has acquired during his life.

Introduction

The learning of educational history is for the following reasons:

	Supplying people, in every generation, with the information and the knowledge inherited from the
	previous generations.
	Enriching the human thinking which grows as a result of the accumulation of the good experiences
	and the previous experiments of the individuals and the nations in their attempts in solving the
	problems and achieving their goals.
	Studying the educational thinking in a historic way is one method of the preparing teacher methods.
	Reading the history in a critical way enables us to discover Allah's laws such as crises is a test
	of the faith or patient is the way of victory.
	History gives people their identity and keeps their developmental contributions
	Muslims care about history because it is an important source to ensure their religious fundamentals.
	Understanding the modern educational theories where many of the modern educational practices
	are of ancient origins.

Introduction

Before we introduce some ancient civilizations and their contributions in the educational field, we are going to explain some definitions:

The education
It is an intended operation that aims at achieving progress and development in the all human sides by training the individual how to interact with his community and to do his role and duties well to his community"
" it is all the systems, ways and methods that are adopted by a community with or without intention for acquiring the next generations the thoughts, information, principals, values and habits that they follow or wish them to continue"

The civilization
"It is all the operations that contain all the aspects of the development that people establish physically, scientifically and intellectually" also Dormant said " It is a social system that helps people to increase their cultural production and it consists of four elements; the economical recourses, the political systems, the moral traditions and following up the sciences and arts so it consists of three steps;

1- General philosophy that gives clear visions about the meaning of life and its objectives

2- Practical Appling to the general philosophy

3- A fruit or a production results from this application

Introduction

By this, we can describe all the communities of the year 4000 B.C. as civilized communities according to the monuments and building that they left.

1) The Educational thinking; it is the contribution of a specific nation in this field by presenting some thoughts, opinions or theories in the educational field.

We are going to present the following civilizations and their educational contributions;