2.2 Comparison between the TCP/IP and OSI Models

The TCP/IP and OSI reference models are similar in some aspects including the following:

Both models are based on the layered architecture.

The two models have similar application, transport and network layers.

Both models are based on packet switching where data is divided into packets and individual packets are routed possibly through different paths from source to final destination.

2.2 Comparison between the TCP/IP and OSI Models

Differences between the TCP/IP and the OSI reference models are listed in Table 2.1.