Introduction

An operating system is a program designed to run other programs on a computer. A computer’s operating system is its most important program. It is considered the backbone of a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners. The purpose of an operating system is to organize and control hardware and software so that the device it lives in behaves in a flexible but predictable way.

When the operating system was first developed, users had to input commands in a program such as DOS. Using this type of system isn't very efficient, but effective. A newer interface was developed to overcome the command line interface. Nowadays, a graphical user interface, or GUI, allows you to initiate commands by simply pointing and clicking different objects that appear on your computer monitor. By calling upon these interfaces, the application can then request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and begin the results of the operation you selected.

Introduction

The operating system of a large computer system has even more work to do. Such operating systems monitor different programs and users, making sure everything runs smoothly, without interference, despite the fact that numerous devices and programs are used simultaneously. An operating system also has a vital role to play in security. Its job includes preventing unauthorized users from accessing the computer system.

You're probably familiar with the most popular operating system that uses a graphical user interface, Microsoft Windows. Windows uses a graphical user interface to try and make it easier for people to use their computers and utilize their time. Currently, Windows XP and Windows Vista dominate the majority of household computers. Windows XP professional was developed for businesses to utilize their time and focus on their customers. It provided a new standard in reliability and performance and was designed to accommodate businesses of any size or for individuals in households that wanted the most from their computer experience. Windows Vista is the most recent consumer version of Windows and has relatively high system requirements compared to Windows XP. A mobile version of the Windows operating system has been developed also. It is generally used in Pocket PCs and smart phones.