| No | Word | Definition |
| 1 | Environmental scanning | A technique employed by managers to get the necessary information on the overall business environment |
| 2 | Competitors scanning | A technique employed by managers to get the necessary information on the overall business environment |
| 3 | Global scanning | A technique employed by managers to get the necessary information on the business status throughout the world |
| 4 | Qualitative forecasting | It applies a set of qualitative techniques such as expert interview or feedback of customers |
| 5 | Quantitative forecasting | It applies a set of mathematical rules to a series of past data to predict outcomes |
| 6 | Benchmarking | Benchmarking is the search for the best practices among competitors or non-competitors that lead to their superior performances |