1.1 Understanding Managers and Management

Who are managers?

A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished1. It is not about personal achievement but helping others do their job. Managers may also have additional work duties not related to coordinating the work of others.

A non-managerial employee can also be described as a manager if he holds managerial responsibilities, e.g. a shift leader, quality inspector, or equipment operator...etc.

What is Management?

Management may be defined in many different ways. Many gurus in the field have defined the term "management" some of these definitions are reproduced below:

1.	According to Kinicki etl Management is defined as the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organization's resources.
2.	According to Lawrence A Appley: "Management is th development of people and not the direction of things".
3.	According to Joseph Massie: "Management is defined as the process by which a cooperative group directs action towards common goals"

1.1 Understanding Managers and Management

4.	In the words of George R Terry - "Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources".
5.	According to James L Lundy - "Management is principally the task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective".
6.	In the words of Henry Fayol - "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control".
7.	According to Peter F Drucker - "Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages a business and manages managers and manages worker and work".
8.	In the words of J.N. Schulze - "Management is the force which leads guides and directs an organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined object".